Egyptian Constitution of 1923

The Egyptian state is a sovereign state, and its sovereignty is vested in the people. The people shall exercise their sovereignty through their elected representatives in the Parliament. The Parliament shall be composed of two chambers: the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Senate shall consist of members elected by the people for a term of six years.

The freedom of expression and the freedom of the press are guaranteed, and every citizen has the right to express their opinions and to publish their thoughts. The state shall not censor any publication or impose any restrictions on the freedom of expression, except in cases where it is necessary to protect public order or national security. The state shall also guarantee the right of citizens to assemble peacefully and to form associations and trade unions.

The right to property is guaranteed, and no person shall be deprived of their property except in cases where it is necessary for the public interest. The state shall provide fair compensation to any person whose property is expropriated for the public interest. The state shall also guarantee the right of citizens to engage in any economic activity and to own and manage their own businesses.

The judiciary is independent, and judges are subject only to the law. The state shall guarantee the independence of the judiciary and shall ensure that judges are not subject to any external pressures or influences. The state shall also guarantee the right of citizens to a fair trial and to access to justice.

All Egyptians are equal before the law, and there shall be no discrimination between them on the basis of race, language, or religion. The state shall guarantee the freedom of worship and the protection of the rights of all citizens. The state shall also ensure the equality of opportunities for all citizens in the fields of education, employment, and social services. The state shall take measures to eliminate illiteracy and to promote social justice.