Egyptian Constitution of 2012

The Arab Republic of Egypt is a sovereign state, united and indivisible, where no part of its territory may be given up. The Egyptian people are part of the Arab nation, working to achieve its unity and preservation. The state is based on the principles of democracy, social justice, and the rule of law. The system of government in Egypt is based on the rotation of power.

Islam is the religion of the state, and Arabic is its official language. The principles of Islamic law are the main source of legislation. The state guarantees the freedom of belief and the freedom of practice of religious rites for all citizens. The state also guarantees the protection of the rights of Christians and Jews to maintain their religious and cultural heritage.

All citizens are equal before the law, and are entitled to equal opportunities without discrimination. The state guarantees the protection of women's rights, and works to achieve their equality with men in all fields. The state also guarantees the protection of the rights of children and the elderly, and works to achieve their integration into society. The state is committed to protecting the environment and natural resources.

Freedom of expression is guaranteed, and every individual has the right to express their opinion and to publish their thoughts through any means of expression. The state guarantees the freedom of the press and other media, and the independence of the press is an essential element of democratic society. The law regulates the establishment and ownership of newspapers and media outlets.

The right to a fair trial is guaranteed, and every individual has the right to a fair and public trial. The trial is to be conducted by an independent and impartial judiciary, and the defendant has the right to defend themselves. The law regulates the procedures for the trial, and the state guarantees the protection of the rights of the accused.